February 20, 2009 — He Zhen, a post doc at Mork family, together with Dr. Mansfeld worked together and a paper was published on “Energy & Environmental Science”, Volume 2, February 2009. 
It was featured as a cover article of this issue. The cover picture shows that bio-electricity can be produced via microbial metabolism in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In the anode of a MFC, microorganisms oxidize organic compounds and produce electrons and protons; while in the cathode, oxygen is reduced to water either biologically or abiotically by accepting these electrons and protons. Electron flow through an external circuit generates electric current.  MFCs are novel technology used for extracting bio-energy from organic compounds. Their applications include wastewater treatment and powering remote sensors.
The paper has reviewed the application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), an important electrochemical tool, in analyzing the internal resistance or other bio-electrochemical losses in MFCs.